Posts tagged NASA
Incredible Views of Earth
Check out this amazing time-lapse imagery recorded from the International Space Station. You can read more about it here in the Dot Earth Blog from the New York Times.
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Hurricane Irene from Space
Click through to Flickr to see the super hi-res version.
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Moving the Space Shuttle
Before space shuttle Atlantis can carry astronauts up on the very last shuttle mission ever, workers on the ground first have to carry Atlantis to the launchpad.
The last shuttle launch is planned for July 8. But the shuttle’s final trek to the launch pad is Tuesday night. It’s a historic milestone for NASA — and a very personal one for the people in charge of taking the shuttle on this first leg of its final journey.
“It’s a bittersweet feeling. You hate to see anything come to an end,” says Bill Couch, one of only six people certified to drive “the crawler,” a massive beast of a machine that carries the shuttle to the pad.
The space shuttle, its solid rocket boosters and its fuel tank are all put together in NASA’s Vehicle Assembly Building, a tall hangar-like structure several miles away from the pad. The fully assembled shuttle is a huge, heavy and delicate object — and it needs to be transported standing upright.
So it travels on top of the crawler, which looks like a cross between a flatbed truck and a tank. The crawler guzzles gas — going only 32 feet per gallon — and is the biggest self-powered land vehicle in the world.
To get a sense of just how big it is, imagine a major highway with two lanes on either side and a grassy median in the middle. Driving a crawler down that highway would cover up the entire thing. “So you’re driving on all four lanes, plus the grass in between,” Couch says.
Of course, he doesn’t drive the crawler on the interstate. It goes on NASA’s “crawlerway,” a special road to the launchpad that’s about 3.5 miles long.
“The crawlerway is constructed such that, you know, it can hold and manage 18 million pounds,” Couch says. “You drive off the crawlerway, you start sinking.”
So it will take skill and concentration to move Atlantis to the pad. Couch and the other drivers will take turns through the night so they stay fresh — because the trip takes hours.
The crawler is a slow giant. The speedometer in its cab only goes up to 2 mph. And with the shuttle onboard, Couch will go far slower than that. “Even driving at 0.8 miles an hour, if you’re not paying attention, it will get away from you,” Couch says. “So how does it handle? Eh, you’ve got to watch it.”
As he does his work, he will be watched — by thousands of people. Shuttle workers are getting special passes to bring their families to view the final rollout, says Mark Nappi, an executive with United Space Alliance, the main shuttle contractor.
Nappi, who has worked with the shuttle program for 26 years, will be at the final rollout with his wife and two teenage sons. He says they and the other observers will have an incredible view as the crawler moves Atlantis out of its hangar, and the big white spaceship gets lit up by powerful spotlights.
“The people that haven’t seen it before are just going to ‘ooh’ and ‘ah’ because it is just an incredible sight,” Nappi says. “It is a very large vehicle, and they’re very close, so they’re going to see a perfect shot of it.”
Nappi says the end of the shuttle program is starting to feel real — in part because people are losing their jobs. “You know, that makes it very personal for a lot of us. We’ve worked in this program for a long time. We’ve worked alongside a lot of these people, and we’re laying off a lot of people.”
Couch says he doesn’t know what’s next for him, when the space shuttles are museum exhibits that no longer need a ride out to the launchpad. But after 18 years of working with the crawler team, he’s gratified that so many people will see this final rollout.
“You’ve known all your life that you’ve been carrying this, this, you know, big package,” Couch says. “You’ve been carrying the pride of America on your back the whole time. And now you have the sense that these people standing on the sidelines are actually getting to see what we do.”
This last trip to the pad will be unique, but in some ways it will be the same as always, Couch says. When the shuttle is safely at the launchpad, an event known as “hard down,” the close-knit crawler team always has a little ritual.
“Our little celebration that we do, is we open up a bag of chips and salsa,” says Couch, who notes that champagne is not an option for drivers entrusted with the crawler, even after something as significant as the shuttle’s final trip to the pad. “It will probably be the same ceremony we have done for every other hard down. We will have our chips and salsa.”
Then they’ll back up the crawler and drive away, leaving the space shuttle behind.
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Unique View of Space Shuttle Launch
Imaging experts funded by the Space Shuttle Program and located at NASA’s Ames Research Center prepared this video by merging nearly 20,000 photographs taken by a set of six cameras capturing 250 images per second at the STS-134 launch on May 16, 2011. From seven seconds before takeoff to six seconds after, the cameras took simultaneous images at six different exposure settings. The images were processed and combined in this video to balance the brightness of the rocket engine output with the regular daylight levels at which the orbiter can be seen. The processing software digitally removes pure black or pure white pixels from one image and replaces them with the most detailed pixel option from the five other images.
Check out the amazing slow motion video of the launch here.
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Massive Rail Gun With the Space Shuttle program winding down, NASA and several commercial ventures are developing technology that will hurl the next iteration of space vehicles into the sky. But NASA acknowledges that rockets aren’t the only–or the best–way to get into space. Engineers at the space agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida are exploringfuture space launch schemes that could see spacecraft flung into the heavens by a massive railgun or launched to the upper atmosphere aboard supersonic scramjets. Or, even cooler: both. If space launches are anything, they’re expensive. As such, launch vehicles that are reusable (like the space shuttles) are key to keeping costs under control. One such scheme for reusable launch craft involves ferrying payloads to the upper limits of the atmosphere aboard scramjets, those air-compressing, high-speed jets with theoretical top speeds more than four times faster than the fastest air-breathing jet engines. In such a scheme, a payload vehicle (holding, say, a satellite) would piggyback to high altitude aboard the scramjet, which in theory could reach near-orbital speeds. From the upper atmosphere, the payload vehicle would launch from the scramjet propelled by something akin to the second stage of a booster rocket, putting the satellite or even a manned vehicle into orbital space without the incredible thrust needed to launch it from the ground. But how does NASA plan to get the scramjet to the supersonic speeds necessary for sustained flight? Picture a huge railgun rising from the ground at Kennedy Space Center. Using an electrified track stretching for miles, the track would use a magnetic field (or perhaps gas propulsion, or even magnetic levitation – this stuff is all still very much on the drawing board) to accelerate scramjets to otherworldly speeds without expending the huge amounts of chemical energy needed to fire a rocket booster. Once a scramjet is moving fast enough, the jet engine would take over and propel it spaceward. For now rockets are still NASA’s principle launch vehicles, so don’t expect any spacecraft-hurling railguns or regular hypersonic flights to the edge of space in the immediate future. But these technologies already exist in some nascent form or another. Both NASA and DARPA have been dabbling in scramjet technology for years, creating a vast body of knowledge and data for engineers to build upon. For their part, railguns have been around for nearly a century. All the technologies involved need further refinement, but none are out of reach. Put another way: NASA is dreaming up massive railguns to launch hypersonic space vehicles into the atmosphere at blinding speeds. What’s not to like? @99GR81
